Network Consultation Proposal Essay

DesignIT is a graphic arts company that is expanding business and has recently purchased a new building 56’*36’ space for the purpose of housing two full time designers and a receptionist. The new building has four cubicles, one office, one server room, one reception desk, and a conference room. DesignIT has already relocated one Web Server (Microsoft IIS Server), one File Server (Microsoft Server 2008), and one more Server 2008 (Small Business Server). As a network design consultant, I have been charged with the task of designing and configuring the network for DesignIT. The small company has informed me that the network should include six computers, three printers, a Firewall, a wireless network for portable devices, and a high speed internet connection. DesignIT has also requested me that all the interconnected devices and wiring, along with the speed should be able to offer the best performance. I will design a Local Area Network (LAN) for DesignIT, a Local Area Net work (LAN) is a network of computers, and other network devices such as printers which exchange data, and are located under one roof. LAN networks are mostly used in small organizations or small businesses. The computers in a LAN communicate through protocols and share data such as files and emails. Every computer in a network is assigned a unique Internet Protocol (IP). When a computer communicates by sending a request to the LAN network, it is routed to a particular server that has the requested data. The server then communicates back to the IP address of requesting computer with the information that was requested (Kenyon, 2002). There are three servers for DesignIT, the Web Server will be used to connect the company to the internet, and the File Server will be utilized for sharing while the Small Business Server will be utilized as a Mail Server. Since DesignIT needs a network that incorporates six computers, three printers, and a wireless network, the network design should therefore take  several factors into consideration. These factors will impact on the network costs, speed, infrastructure, and functionali ty. When designing this Local Area Network (LAN) for DesignIT, there is also need to consider the network requirements. The network should integrate sound, video, synchronous, as well as asynchronous data. When designing the LAN network, the organizational goals of DesignIT should be factored in the LAN design. I will also pay attention to network throughput, line charges, security, and the integration of newer technologies in the future. When designing a LAN network, some issues must be considered, one of these issues is the organization’s short, medium, and long term goals. Several factors to be considered include the network equipment, user applications, end-user equipment (workstations), and connectivity to the internet. The LAN network for DesignIT will include other network devices which include gateways, routers, firewall, and cables. Without these devices communication cannot be possible from a computer to another in the LAN network. A router and switch are the most important devices of a network. Networks which are well configured and have a good infrastructure are helpful in improving manageability, performance, reliability and reducing overall operating cost (Kenyon, 2002). To set up this LAN network for the DesignIT, the following are the hardware and software devices that I would utilize so as to design the LAN network for DesignIT. T1 Lines- This is a standard for data communication which was first developed in the 1960s. T1 lines offer a data rate of 1.544Mbps. I will utilize T1 link from Verizon to connect DesignIT to the internet. T1 lines are offer private voice and reliable data networking. A T1 line typically costs $1000 per month. Cisco Linksys Firewall- A firewall is a software or hardware network device that controls incoming and outgoing data communication through analyzing data packets and giving permissions whether to allow or not based on a set of rules. A firewall may also include a default gateway or a proxy server which helps to make network request on the behalf of a user. I will utilize Cisco-Linksys BEFSX41 EtherFast Cable/DSL Firewall Router (4-Port 10/100 Switch / VPN Endpoint) for this network. The device costs $150. LAN Switch- A LAN Switch performs the same work as a hub except that, a switch does not broadcast packets to every computer in the network like hubs. All the computers and computer devices will be connected to the switch by Ethernet cables. The LAN  Switch costs $150. Linksys Wireless Router- A router is a network device that is used to connect two or more computer devices in a network. The Linksys Wireless router will be utilized to connect wireless devices the LAN network. The Linksys WRT54G Wireless Router that I will use in this case costs $150. Ethernet Cables- Ethernet Cables will be utilized to connect all the network devices in the DesignIT LAN network. They will connect routers, switches, computers, and printers in the LAN network. I will utilize CAT5 Ethernet Cables for this network. The Ethernet cables will cost about $100 for DesignIT LAN network. ESET NOD32 Antivirus- an Antivirus is software that is used to prevent, detect, and remove malicious computer programs. ESET NOD32 Antivirus is a good choice since it also acts against other types of malware such as worm, Trojan horses, backdoors, and spyware. The ESET NOD32 Antivirus 6 that I will utilize for this network costs $40 for subscription of one year. The building will share one internet connection (T-1 link from Verizon). This connection will come to Web Server in the server room. This will be the access point of the LAN network of DesignIT. The T-1 link from Verizon will connect the company to the internet and can also be utilized to connect the LAN network to another LAN or WAN network in case the company decides to expand business in future. The T-1 link utilizes frame relay which will provide the building with high speed data connection between and among all users. This connection will also enable all computers to receive dedicated connection at a speed that every computer requires. This connection will also be affordable for DesignIT since it is only charged for the resources. It costs an average of $1000 per month. Frame relay is an industry standard technology for accessing fast packet switched, â€Å"cloud computing† data networks (Bates, 2000). Through T1 link DesignIT will use frame relay as an interface between data terminal equipment such as routers, switches, and host machines such as servers. This technology will provide connectivity via logical channels or permanent virtual circuit connections which will be deployed over dedicated access facilities and shared on a high performance switching platform. This shared data platform and backbone makes transport more efficient, such that all users will receive better network throughput which is also cost effective. T-1 link technology is an added advantage for DesignIT LAN network since it is flexible to use and an excellent platform for many application. Since multiple virtual connections are established over one physical access line, Frame Relay can reduce the number of customer premises router ports necessary for LAN applications. The number of private lines required to attain mesh connectivity and reliability can also be reduced. Frame Relay handles terminal to-host, LAN-to-LAN connections, or applications like imaging, e-mail and graphic file transfers with equal simplicity. With all of these capabilities, Frame Relay is an excellent choice for DesignIT. I will configure a Class C network for DesignIT with an IP of 192.168.0.0/16. There will only be one subnet for this network. I have selected a Class C network because it exhibits the ability to combat spamming of sites located on the same server. Search engines have removed linking power from one site to the other in case they are on the same class C IP. I will take network security measures so as to implement the best security for DesignIT. The security will be designed in regard to the user group in question, this means that the two designers will share different user groups with the receptionist if need be. I will implement access control measures such as access logs so as to manage what each user should have access to in regard to the organizational pol icies and procedures. I will also install ESET NOD32 Antivirus in the Small Business Server. The Cisco Linksys Firewall will also be a key device for enhancing security; it will control incoming and outgoing data communication through analyzing data packets and giving permissions based on security rules. The Bus Topology is the best suited for this network; the bus topology is the simplest network topology. Also known as linear bus, in this topology all computers will be connected to a contiguous cable or a cable joined together to make it contiguous. Ethernet is the common example of a bus topology. Each computer determines when the network is not busy and transmits data as needed. Computers devices in a bus apology listen only for transmission from other computers; they do not repeat or forward the transmission on the other computers. It is also worth noting that the signal in a bus topology travels to both ends of the cable. To keep the signal from bouncing back and forth along the cable, both ends of the cable in a bus topology will be terminated.

Japanese Business Culture Essay

What do you do to prepare for this meeting? In order to prepare for this meeting, apart from the usual prepaparation with regards to presentations, brochures and other information material, information about the product as well as the company, etc, I need to gather extensive information about the Japanese business culture as the peculiar characteristics of this particular trading company with whom we are meeting. It is extremely important in international business that one should pay attention to prevailing business culture, customs and peculiarities of the companies from other countries in order to conclude a successful business deal. Therefore, I need to peep into material describing the Japanese way of doing businesses, their negotiation styles, things which one should avoid during the meetings, etc. What do you want to know about the trading company? The first thing which I would like to know about the trading company is its similarity to the traditional Japanese companies which possess certain typical characteristics. For example, one of the important things to know about this trading firm will be whether it is part of Japanese Keiretsu or not. The knowledge of this information in advance will help me to identify key features of Japanese trading firms who are still part of the large groups or Keiretsu. Knowledge about few characteristics of the firm will help us to present ourselves in a more comfortable manner at deal stage. I am presenting below few important characteristics of Japanese firms: 1) Connections are very helpful in this country, but choose your intermediaries carefully: the Japanese will feel obliged to be loyal to them. Select someone of the same rank as the person with whom he or she will have dealings. Moreover, an intermediary should not be part of either company involved with the deal. 2) If you know a highly respected, important person in Japan, use his or her endorsement and connection. Before you enter into negotiations, request a consultation, and then ask if you can use the endorsement and connection to further your business efforts. This method of using connections is standard practice among Japanese businesspeople. 3)Generally, the Japanese are not receptive to â€Å"outside† information. They will consider new ideas and concepts only within the confines of their own groups. 4)The Japanese tend to think subjectively, relying on feelings rather than empirical evidence. 5)Getting acquainted is the purpose of the initial meetings. You may, however, introduce your proposal during these preliminary discussions. During presentations, and especially during negotiations, it is essential that one maintain a quiet, low-key, and polite manner at all times. The highest-ranking individual may appear to be the most quiet of everyone present. For a persuasive presentation, you must describe how your product can enhance the prosperity and reputation of the Japanese side. Making these claims effectively requires a thorough knowledge of Japanese economy, business, and product lines. The Japanese will commit themselves to an oral agreement, which may be acknowledged by a nod or slight bow, rather than by shaking hands. Contracts can be renegotiated; in Japanese business protocol, they are not final agreements. After gathering knowledge about these typical characteristics of Japanese firms, we will try to compare this particular firm with these characteristics by analyzing the available information.   source: http://www.executiveplanet.com/business-etiquette/Japan.html Comment to student: click on the link above. You will find many links on this page with respect to business culture in Japan. The Japanese have been raised to think of themselves as part of a group, and their group is always dealing with other groups. This is viewed on many angles — internationally it is â€Å"We Japanese† vs. everyone else (more on that later), but in schools, companies, sections of companies etc. there are many groups and sub-groups — and not always in perfect harmony and cooperation as it may look on the surface. Dealing with Japanese on a one-to-one basis usually comes very easy to non-Japanese, but dealing with Japanese as a group can be a different matter altogether. source: http://www.thejapanfaq.com/FAQ-Primer.html about the V.P. and his/her delegation? There are certain things which we need to know about the VP and his delegation. The strong hierarchical structure in Japanese business is reflected in the negotiation process. They begin at the executive level and continue at the middle level. However, decisions will often be made within the group. Generally speaking, in business meetings the Japanese will line up in order of seniority, with the most senior person at the front and the least senior person closest to the door. In addition to this rule however, you may find that the most senior person chooses where to sit. It is important to bear in mind that in contemporary Japan, even a low ranking individual can become a manager if his or her performance is good. (source: http://www.communicaid.com/japan-business-culture.asp ) Further, it is important to know few personal information about the visiting team. For example, their level of proficiency with English, whether or not a translator will be required, the age as it is directly related to seniority in Japanese culture, whether they have travelled abroad to US or other Western Countries before because it may have serious implications with respect to few culturally sensitive issues such as some Japanese men who have not been abroad are not used to dealing with women as equals in a business setting. ..about their inquiry? The foremost thing about their inquiry which I will like to know is the nature of relationship they are looking to establish with our company with respect to selling our products in Japan. For example, are they looking for some kind of manufacturing joint venture in Japan, or are they looking to take distributorship or license for our products. Such information will help us to present ourselves in a better and precise manner and will help us in coming to common ground with them. One of the sources for finding such information will be the local Santa Clara office of the company. Further, internet can prove to be a useful source for finding more information about the company such as its web portal, its partners and vendor relationships as displayed over the website, press releases and third party comments available on the web, etc. When starting business in Japan and entering into initial distributor contract negotiation, many foreign executives are probably unaware of the potential value of their products in Japan, but you can guarantee that the Japanese distributors on the other side of the negotiation will have a very good idea of the value. source: http://www.venturejapan.com/japanese-distributors.htm If you are doing business in Japan with a Japanese distributor, then you absolutely must negotiate a strong agreement before starting in the Japanese market.   Another issue to be aware of, and which if uncontrolled will have a significant impact on the final percentage of revenue you receive, is that the Japanese market is awash with multi-layered distribution channels. Your Japanese distributor may in fact be a ‘master distributor’ who will pass your products through one or more layers of sub-distributors prior to it reaching its intended consumer or corporate buyer destination. In some situations its unavoidable – for example, if your distributor sells to a large Japanese company you can expect that the customer will mandate a trading company (usually one of it’s subsidiaries) to handle the purchase and take a 5% – 15% fee for its efforts. source: www.venturejapan.com/japanese-contract-negotiation.htm What do you want to highlight in the meeting with the V.P.? As discussed in the above paragraphs, it is very important in Japanese business negotiations with a distributor to explain to them the potential value of our products in Japan. It is important to present them with some revenue forecasts with respect to sales in Japan. First, you must know the Japanese value, not the US, UK, German, French or Italian value but the Japanese value of your product or service before you can negotiate a win-win relationship with a Japanese distributor. If you spent your first month doing business in Japan aggressively networking and information gathering you should have a pretty good idea of your product’s value. By comparing with your home market statistics you should also be able to extrapolate some reasonable revenue forecasts: idealized of course but an invaluable benchmark for contract negotiation with a Japanese distributor. Armed with the results of your first month’s Japanese business analysis, you stand a good chance of convincing a reputable distributor that they should put your product into their lead portfolio and invest in aggressively promoting it. Your ability to assert the potential Japanese value of your product and your ability to defend that value will support your justifiable contract negotiation claims to require transfer fees calculated on net revenues, not on your home market price list. The result is that you have a chance to get the best possible distribution deal for your company and a deal that could only ever be bettered by a direct entry into the Japanese market using a Japanese subsidiary company or office. source: www.venturejapan.com/japanese-contract-negotiation.htm If things look positive in that meeting, what would you expect to happen at the next stages of the discussions?   Even if the things look positive in that meeting, Japanese generally take time time finalize their decision as the decision making process can be very slow for Japanese firms. I expect the Japanese trading firm to extensively discuss the issue within their group in order to arrive at the final decision. From the pre-meetings, to the informal parties, the Japanese style of doing business will take the shape of an intricate spider’s web, where few outsiders can fully understand the implications of what exactly is occurring. Japanese culture effects every aspect of daily life. The cultural tradition of Japan reflects a strong desire to be harmonious, efficient, and most important, to promote group solidarity, and this is best achieved by making decisions based on consensus. Robert Marshall elaborates by saying that, â€Å"†¦group decision making in Japan promotes unanimity in result through consensus† {Marshall},[p. 7]. source: http://www.earlham.edu/~consense/scott2.shtml Comment to student: The above mentioned link is an excellent article on group decision making in Japan. Please read through it to gather more information on decision making in Japanese culture. How are your actions in this situation different from the situation in which you make the first move in order to find a licensee? The actions in this situation is different from my first move because I have a more informed and better view along with a clear understanding of the Japanese business culture and negotiation process now. My first move was a sort of unorganized effort to explore the Japanese markets. This situation is different in the sense that I am now preparing myself for specific company which has already shown little interest in our products and are ready to explore more about our company. It is very important to have clear understanding of Japanese culture, prevailign market conditions, information about the industry and knowledge of other peculiar characteristics before one can enter into a successful negotiation with a Japanese company. My initial failures have made me realize that in order to successfully conclude a deal with a Japanese company, one needs to present him in a manner that proves the value of our product with respect to Japanese market.

Odysseus †admirable character Essay

Odysseus is the king of Ithaca, husband of Penelope, father of Telemachus, son of Laertis and Anticleia. He is a hero from the Trojan War and becomes famous for his intelligence and cunning mind – he is the one to make up the Trojan horse. So far Odysseus seems to be incredible, resourceful and even godlike, but â€Å"The Odyssey† presents him in new light, reveals his true character and shows both – his good and his bad side. Truly, Odysseus is among the greatest Greek heroes, together with Heracles and Achilles. The similarity between three of them is that they are supported by at least one god. Athene is the one who likes the king of Ithaca; she calls him â€Å"admirable King†, who ruled â€Å"like a loving father. The goddess of wisdom always helps her favorite disguised as daughter of ship’s captain or just little girl. That is why Odysseus â€Å"looks godlike†, â€Å"enveloped in mist† or â€Å"invincible†, surrounded by magic. However, not all of the gods like Odysseus. Poseidon, the sea god, tries to prevent him from going back to Ithaca – â€Å"he roused the stormy blasts of every wind†. No human being would sustain the god’s anger, but Odysseus overcomes the storm. Poseidon sends him â€Å"mountainous† waves and â€Å"tremendous gust†; the power of the god overflows the Trojan hero who is just about to die when Ino, The White Goddess takes pity on him. At the end Poseidon is made to give up and Odysseus is the winner of their fight. Odysseus has both internal and external qualities. He is described as â€Å"courteous† in Book 6 when he begs for help first Nausicaa and later her mother – Arete. Despite being overtired, hungry and powerless Odysseus does not forget his good manners – â€Å"I should be ashamed to stand naked†, â€Å"it would be better to keep distance†. Courteousness is quality common for heroes, kings and noble men especially in similar circumstances. Being 7 years on Ogygia most people would look rude and arrogant, but not the king of Ithaca. Furthermore Odysseus is â€Å"looks like the gods who live in heaven†, he is â€Å"handsome† and â€Å"admirable†. Nausicaa is immediately attracted by â€Å"the stranger’s† appearance – â€Å"I wish I could have a man like him for my husband†. It is not the first time a woman wants to marry him – he has just got rid of the Nymph Calypso. But Odysseus remains faithful to his wife Penelope and keeps her in his thoughts, a testament for their strong relation. He is ready to endure anything to reach Ithaca – â€Å"It’s my never-failing wish† – and to hug his wife and son, a proof for his loyalty towards his family and people. Odysseus is not only well-mannered and handsome but strong and skillful, as well. Firstly, he makes a raft by himself on Ogygia and secondly he throws the biggest discus at enormous distance. The Phaeacians are amazed by his power and strength; no one dares to challenge him in any kind of sport. That is the place where Odysseus’ supremacy is shown. He is not only incredible but he totally dominates over all Phaeacians – something common for hero or even god. Finally Odysseus is an amazing orator – he is not just good, but he deceives and attracts people with his words. In Book 6, 7 and 8 there are some moments when everybody â€Å"stood still and silent† after Odysseus has finished speaking. Firstly, he knows how to draw attention and make compliments – e. g. Book 6 the meeting with Nausicaa – â€Å"Are you some goddess or a mortal woman? † â€Å"It is Artemis†¦ your beauty reminds me. † Secondly, Odysseus is very good at begging, he knows the right way for everything – e. g. the meeting with Arete and Alcinous in Book 7 – â€Å"They all applaud his speech and agreed the stranger should be escorted home. † Thirdly, Odysseus is persuasive and makes people like him – Alcinous is ready to give him â€Å"a house and riches† if he marries Nausicaa. Lastly, he knows how to defend himself when he is challenged or offended – Book 8 Odysseus â€Å"talks sense†. On the other side in Books 5-8 Odysseus is often described as weak and not perfect at all. The first time when we meet him in Book 5 he is â€Å"sitting disconsolate †¦ with steaming eyes†. So despite being a hero and a tough man he weeps and he misses home, wife and son. He seems heart-broken and lost far from his people and emotionally weak. When Calypso informs him that he is to leave Ogygia, Odysseus can’t believe – he feels a mixture of excitement and desperation, showing his broken spirit. Later Odysseus overcomes the battle with Poseidon, but on the other side Ino helps him to do so. Indeed when the wave crashes down on him his â€Å"knees shook and his spirit failed†. It seems that his death is inevitable and Odysseus almost â€Å"give up†. He wishes really strong to have â€Å"met his fate† in the Trojan War. That is not the way one king and hero should think – Odysseus lacks braveness and toughness. The storm is not the only place where Odysseus is helped by a god. Actually, most of the time Athene organizes the things to happen the right way. It seems as Odysseus doesn’t need to do anything – he just should sit and wait for something to happen – e. g. â€Å"At this they all gave a shriek. † Then Odysseus awakes and sees the Nausicaa sent by the disguised Athene. The real hero always makes the decisions by himself and acts bravely. This behavior continues in the Palace of Alcinous. Firstly, his heart is â€Å"filled with emotions†. Secondly, Odysseus looks pathetic – he begs and kneels. It is normal for stranger to do so, but Odysseus is the most famous hero from the Trojan War and King of Ithaca. At first he does not behave as a noble man, but this changes quickly. Odysseus starts to speak more and more bravely and in Book 8 he seems rather arrogant and bold – â€Å"I claim to be by far the best† and he is ready â€Å"to compete with the men of the past† like Heracles. The change is quite sudden – it happens once Odysseus has assured himself a bed and food. To sum up, Odysseus has a lot of admirable qualities – he is clever, strong, handsome, courteous and a good orator. However, he is not a god but rather a mortal man. That is why sometimes he looks sad, weak and arrogant. What makes him hero is that he overcomes his negative characteristics (sometimes with Athene’s help) and continues his struggle to reach home – â€Å"It’s my never failing wish†.

BA 200 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BA 200 - Essay Example The application of a comprehensive school reform in culturally and linguistically diverse school, for instance, is â€Å"both a rewarding and challenging enterprise† (Datnow, Borman, Stringfield, Overman, and Castellano 162). It is concluded that learning and student experience becomes more enriched through these programs. While CSUB implements policies that  prevent discrimination against gender, racial, and religious minorities, it lacks programs that promote and support the needs of minority students. University organizations, programs, and activities usually cater to the needs of the dominant majority of white, heterosexual students. Minority students are left with the choice of joining these groups and participating in their activities. This lack of choice in  organizations and activities tend to limit students' freedom. In a study of policy changes by D’Augelli, he states that â€Å"lesbians and gay men on campus were empowered† (126). It is, therefore, encouraged to establish organizations and promote activities that will benefit minority students. Different initiatives can be enacted to encourage students exercise their freedom within the premises of the university. First, a public space can be devoted to students where they can write the things they like and dislike  about the university.

Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Acipenser gueldenstaedtii - Assignment Example The use of chemical agents for the treatment of the disease has been limited mainly owing to its less effective nature on the parasite, toxicity to fishes and cost of the treatment process. However, several compounds have been tested for their toxicity both under in vitro conditions and as in-feed components including the mucolytic compound L-cysteine ethyl ester but most of these compounds were either not commercially viable or lacked efficacy. One compound that was found to be both non-toxic and efficacious was bithionol, a phenolic compound which significantly reduced the pathology of the disease when administered as an in-feed compound. The current study examined the efficacy of oral administration of bithionol along with the standard freshwater bath treatment and also to deduce the rate of re-infection The study used mixed-sex, diploid Atlantic salmons with a mean mass of 130.4g and they were acclimatized to sea water conditions over a period of 3 weeks in an aquaculture center. A total of 396 Atlantic salmon (AS) were equally allocated into 9 tanks which were present as three separate ultraviolet light-treated sea water systems. The tanks received constant aeration and the fishes were allowed to acclimatize for 1 week within these systems and were fed with a commercial feed to satiation before commencing the experiment. Each tank was then randomly allocated a treatment and the treatment groups included a control which was a commercial diet with oil, prophylactic bithionol and therapeutic bithionol. The fishes were fed at 1% of their body weight and the daily and weekly feed intake was determined. The feeding was continued for 14 days after which the fishes were exposed to the Neoparamoeba spp., which were isolated from the gills of infected AS by removing the amoeba from the gill s followed by centrifugation and concentration. This

Disney World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disney World - Essay Example It was opened in October 1, 1971 and since than has added Epcot, Disney's Hollywood Studios and Disney's Animal Kingdom. The resort also consists of Typhoon Lagoon, Blizzard Beach, Disney's Boardwalk, Disney's Wide World of Sports Complex and Downtown Disney. However, Downtown Disney contains three parts, Marketplace, Pleasure Island, and West Side that embrace a lot of shopping, dining, and amusement locations. They include the Disney Quest indoor arcade, a House of Blues caf and club, a Planet Hollywood restaurant and a Cirque du Soleil drama plays. The CEO, Robert Iger, played a major role for Walt Disney Company. Robert Iger was born in New York. He completed his undergraduate studies at Ithaca College and started his career in media as a weatherman for a local television station. In 1973, he joined the American Broadcasting Company and progressively he got promoted during the following decades. The Walt Disney Company purchased ABC and renamed in ANC Inc., where Iger remained as a president till 1999. In the following year, Disney replaced Iger at the helm of Steve Bronstein and made him the president of Walt Disney International, the company that oversees Disney's international operations. However, the resort has a little aircraft landing strip located east of the Magic Kingdom parking lot.

International Marketing, INDIA outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Marketing, INDIA outline - Essay Example Because of this diversity in population and culture, the food habits of the Indian population are different. India is a secular democratic country even though the majority of the population are Hindus. Most of the Hindus are vegetarians whereas Muslims and Christians are non-vegetarians. â€Å"Indias meat consumption is very low - currently 4.5 kg per capita - and it has grown by only 1 kg in the last 20 years† (Prospects for the livestock sector) whereas in vegetable consumption India became one of the prominent countries in the world. Typical meals in India are prepared from wheat, rice, barley, vegetables etc. â€Å"From 1997 to 2003: per capita food availability did not increase, and child malnutrition rates remained at very high levels, with more than 46% of children under five being underweight† (The Financial Express). An international marketer should take note of these food statistics of Indian people seriously while formulating marketing strategies for differen t regions of India Most of the Indian people are living below the poverty line and hence they may not have adequate housing facilities. Many of the Indian people are staying in temporary huts and their housing needs were not properly met by the governments till now. Most of the Indian people live in one-family or house even after their marriage because of their lack of financial abilities to purchase independent houses. Since India is a huge country with different climate zones, different types of houses are built by people living at different regions. For example, in the southern region, concrete houses are more prominent whereas in the northern regions, wooden houses are more common. The awareness about the housing types and family setups in India will give the marketer some idea about the cultural traits of India which is necessary to develop proper marketing strategies. Since India is a diverse country with respect to people,

The Participation Rate Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Participation Rate - Research Proposal Example Individuals are considered to be unemployed, for the purposes of the unemployment rate, if the individual is actively looking for work, but is unemployed. Workers who are out of a job, due to a temporary layoff, but expected to be recalled, are considered to also be unemployed. During the survey week, the individual must be not employed, available for work and taking active steps to find work, in order to be counted in the unemployment rate. Individuals who do not count in the unemployment rate are individuals who are discouraged, and no longer actively looking for work. ...The individuals who would not be included in the participation rate are those who are unemployed, but not actively looking for work, because they are discouraged. Also not included would be individuals who are not labor force. These are individuals who are not looking for work because they are going to school, are retired, are stay at home mothers or individuals with other family obligations, are confined to nursi ng homes, mental institutions or prisons, or inactive duty military (Bureau of Labor Statistics). B. Charts of Participation Rates for Females and Males (All Figures Come from The Australian Bureau of Statistics) 1954 In this case, the Australian Bureau of Statistics did not publish very much information which can be gleaned about males versus females and the participation rates. It did not publish information, which it did in later editions, that detailed the employment rate, the unemployment rate, the unemployment numbers and employment numbers, etc. Therefore, the chart below has much more sparse information than the later ones will. In 1954, the total number of men who were employed, including defense forces, was 2,821,000. The number of women who were employed, including defense forces, was 826,000. During this same period, there were 41,000 males who were unemployed and 14,000 females who were unemployed. The unemployment rate was 1.8% for males in this year, and 1.9% of femal es. Therefore, the total number of men who were participating was, for the year, 1954, 2,862,000. The total number of females participating for that year was 840,000 (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 1967 In 1966, there were a total of 3,351,800 males who were employed. There were 32,900 males who were unemployed.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing - Essay Example Balancing marketing mix enables the business to deliver its product in the right location within the stipulated time. Firms that demonstrate great consumer satisfaction are able to hold on large market shares because they respond effectively to consumer trends. Introduction Sustainability of an organisation depends on economic viability of the business in relation to customer’s behaviour. Business enterprises that post successful results in the market are able to convince consumers to buy their products as well as reciprocating consumer’s behaviour by providing products, which will satisfy consumer demands. Zara is an apparel company with outlets in famous cities of the world. The organisation traces its root in Spain; however, it has branches in major cities of the world. The concept that this paper intend to discuss is marketing of the company product. Marketing is a crucial element for the business because it dictates the viability of the sustainability of the busine ss. The report will explore various marketing aspects such as customer, market environment, and marketing mix in relation to the strategy of the business. Investigation of the above aspects will enable the report to make recommendation as well as developing future strategies of increasing the performance of the business. The operation of the company in foreign markets is a concern of this paper. The choice of market is very critical to the business performance. However, the knowledge of customer choices helps many enterprises to integrate their markets with respect to consumer behaviour. Zara The firm established its operation in 1975 in Galicia Spain. The firm has stretched its operation to cover large cities in the world. It retails products of textile with a focus on fashion trends that dictate the consumer behaviour in the clothing industry. The profit margin of the organisation has been consistently high, demonstrating that the organisation is economically viable. Currently, th e organisation has 2,692 stores across the world (Dutta, 2002:3). The organisation’s aim is to feed the markets with medium quality products at competitive prices. The idea is to ensure that the company products are selling in a highly competitive environment. The organisation relies on consumer trends in designing its products as well as setting the prices of the product. Clothing apparels pose a number of challenges to entrepreneurs because the consumption behaviour changes with fashion trends (Luo, 2008:6). This requirement dictates the marketing strategy of the product. For instance, the organisation has observed that high prices delay stock turn over which eventually reflects on the profit margin of the organisation. Zara’s manufacturing and stocking trend ensures that the customers’ tastes are available in the market at any given time. The idea seems to be influencing the manufacturing trends developed by the firm. Time is a concept that influences product behaviour in most cases. Some product have short expiry period while other have long expiry period. Whatever the case, market response for the company product dictates the manufacturing speed and the profit of the business. For example, Y products in the market may take two months in the market. The two months would be reflecting on the product demand patterns demonstrated by the consumers. However, when the organisation decides to change the prices of the

Managing and Leading Strategic Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Managing and Leading Strategic Change - Essay Example However, the increase of the market share of Microsoft, the major competitor of IBM, led to the limitation of the power of IBM in the global market. Accenture plc and Hewlett Packard are other important competitors of IBM (Yahoo Finance 2011). The strategic plans of IBM have changed many times in order to support the increase of the firm’s competitiveness towards its rivals. In 2003-2004 a major restructuring of the firm’s supply chain management framework took place, aiming to enforce the firm’s competitiveness the support the increase of its profits. The above plan is analytically reviewed in this paper, as explained above, aiming to show the ability of the firm to monitor its operations and identify its weaknesses. Also, the willingness of the firm’s employees to support radical organizational changes – in order for the firm’s performance to be stabilized, is critically evaluated. 2. Strategic change in IBM 2.1 Key change plans in IBM As n oted above, the strategic plans of IBM have been periodically changed in order to align the organizational practices with the market trends and the customer needs. The last effort of such type has been developed in 2009 – when the firm established ‘the Business Analytics and Optimization (BAO) consulting service line’ (Soejarto 2009). ... 2005) aiming to keep its market share – against the industry’s major competitors, especially Microsoft. However, the above initiative did not led to the expected benefits – in 1993, the losses of the firm were estimated to $8 billion (Meyer et al. 2005). In 2003 the firm’s strategic planners identified important failures in the organization’s supply chain management strategies; efforts were made for updating existing supply chain management practices. The Integrated supply chain (ISC) has been a scheme introduced for helping towards the elimination of delays in the firm’s operations – as these delays were related to failures in the existing supply chain management framework (Paton et al. 2006). The update of the particular sector of the organization lasted for 2 years, 2003 and 2004 and led to the introduction of an integrated plan for managing the supply chain relations in all their aspects. The above change plan contributed in the im provement of the firm’s supply chain management. However, certain implications were not avoided, a fact that led to the limitation of the plan’s benefits – as planned by the initiators of the particular project. 2.2 Implications of change initiated in IBM Despite the fact that change, as part of IBM’s strategic planning process, has been traditionally aligned with the organizational needs and the market conditions, still, the effectiveness of the relevant plans is rather limited – at least compared to the resources engaged and the preparation made for the particular initiatives. The reasons for the delays in the development of the organization’s performance need to be identified and evaluated; also, the potential failures in the plans of change, as promoted in the

Target based industry Essay Example for Free

Target based industry Essay How will you influence people to strive willingly for group objectives in your organization (Target based industry)? Apply your interpersonal influence through communication process towards attaining your specialized goals? Answer: Group objectives essentially mean that a group of individuals recruited into an organization have the same objectives to achieve in the same time frame. There can be many such groups in an organization having their own group objectives. For Example: A medical device company can have a group, whose objective is to carry out research and development in a selected field of medicine. Whereas in the same company there is a group, whose objective is to market the medical device to a target population and another group whose objective is to ensure particular number of sales per month for that device. Usually when such groups have 10 or more individuals, it is often noted that even though the group achieves their objectives successfully, there will always be a percentage of individuals who are not as efficient as the others. Hence these never strive willingly for the objectives because they know that in-spite of their low efforts or motivation, the objectives will eventually be achieved. This can discourage the others who are working hard and over a period of time the objectives will be difficult to achieve as demands increase and the efforts are submaximal from the team. Hence, it is vital to influence people to strive willingly in order to have a more efficient and successful team. Here are a few suggested ways that I would use to influence people to strive willingly in order to attain group objectives: a. Influencing intrinsic factors – Monetary incentives, bonuses, reasonable salaries. These are important as basic monetary requirements of an employee must be adequately fulfilled to ensure they remain loyal to the company and don’t go looking for better offers and work half – heartedly.

George Orwell, 1984 Essay Example for Free

George Orwell, 1984 Essay George Orwell wrote the book 1984 as a warning to the people in the future. Orwell opened the people’s eyes to the way the government controls the people by torture and control of information and language. Also, the government controls by war and fear, brainwashing, propaganda, and several other evils. One of the major ways the government controlled the people in the book was by propaganda. Propaganda is the information, ideas, or rumors intentionally spread widely to help or harm a person, group, nation, etc. In 1984, George Orwell warns us about the use of propaganda by government to control people. The propaganda used by the government in 1984, during the time period of the book, and today is used to keep the government in control, to force people to think in one way and to make the citizens think what the government wants them to. Propaganda is selective information that is given for many different reasons. Governments tend to use this method to stay in control. In 1984, the Party uses fake messages to stay in control and make the people of Oceania think they are doing well for their nation. A message given by the government was Attention! See more: Ethnic groups and racism essay Your attention, please! A newsflash has arrived from the Malabar front at this moment. Our forces in South India have won a glorious victory. I am authorized to say that the action we are now reporting may well bring the war within measurable distance of its end. Here is the newsflash- (Orwell 25-26). In this situation, the Party told the citizens the war is over and they have won. Little do the citizens know, there was never a war happening. The government told the people this lie so that the people would gain hope and believe they are safe. All throughout the war the people of Oceania were sending food to who they thought were the soldiers fighting for their country but all the food really went to the Party. Just like the Party in 1984, Adolf Hitler and the Nazis told their people dishonest information to stay in control. Hitler and his soldiers forced prisoners to send false material back to their loved ones. Concentration camp and killing center officials compelled prisoners, many of whom would soon die in gas chambers, to send postcards home stating that they were being treated well and living in good conditions, (â€Å"Holocaust History† OL). Hitler uses propaganda to cover up mass murders and to make the people back home believe that the ones they love are safe. While the family and friends of these innocent people had no worries, the unfortunate prisoners at the concentration camps were suffering and were being tortured to death. Due to the threat of being killed on the spot, the prisoners were forced to write only good things in their letters that were sent to their families. Today, governments still use propaganda to stay in control. Recently, President Barack Obama used propaganda to defend himself and assure his people would not go against him. When there was a United States ambassador stationed at an embassy in Libya, Obama knew that his people were in danger but did not send troops to Libya to protect the United States citizens. â€Å"Romney went on to say that he wanted to ‘get that for the record, because it took the president 14 days before he called the attack in Benghazi an act of terror’† (â€Å"Due Diligence: Did Obama Initially Deem Libya Attacks a Terrorist Act? † OL). The president knew that the attack at the embassy in Libya was an act of terror for fourteen days and did not announce it to the people of the United States. Obama was guilty because he did not send troops to protect his staff members in the embassy and the members were being attacked by the terrorist group, al-Qaeda. Obama wanted to cover up his mistake so he pretended he did not know that the attack was a terrorist attack. Barack Obama lied to his people and told them that what happened was not an act of terror. Propaganda has been used by governments for many years and a purpose for using it is for the government to keep their power. Governments also use propaganda to get their people to think in certain ways. George Orwell demonstrates the use of propaganda this way in 1984 by showing how the Party forced the people of Oceania into believing what they told them because the citizens had no choice whether to listen to the Party or not. The horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged to act a part, but, on the contrary, that it was impossible to avoid joining in, (Orwell 14). The citizens of Oceania are forced to go to the Two Minutes Hate where they are taught about the war and they listen to speeches by Goldstein that are fabricated. The people are not told that these speeches are false but are told to listen to everything Goldstein has to say. In the time period when 1984 was written, Hitler and the Nazis did whatever it took to brainwash the people with propaganda. â€Å"If they didnt follow the propaganda they were punished and were brainwashed to believe that Hitler and the Nazis were right,† (â€Å"Holocaust History† OL). Hitler did not care what kind of information he was sending out as long as the people believed what he was saying. If they did not follow it, the punishment given to them was strict and made them obedient to Hitler in order to avoid the harsh punishments. US President Barack Obama has promised to do whatever is necessary to protect US citizens abroad and said he was urging foreign governments to guarantee their security, (Bowen OL). Obama knew that the lives of his people were in danger. He knew that he should have sent troops over to Libya to protect the people of the United States. Although, Obama had said he would do whatever was necessary to protect his citizens, he did not. When Obama didnt send troops to Libya for protection, four embassy staff members from the United States were killed including ambassador Chris Stevens. Governments tend to lie to their citizens without them knowing, which forces to them to believe what they are being told. Propaganda is used by governments to make their citizens believe only what they want them to believe. In 1984 the Party used different slogans to make the people think what they wanted the people to think. The party is trying to convince the people of Oceania that what they want is what they already have. They do not want freedom because it is slavery. If they were free they would not be happy and would not live the way they do. The citizens are forced to believe that war is peace and that being unaware of what is going on is strength. The government in 1984 assures people will believe the government so there is no way they will rebel against them. During the Holocaust, Hitler used media that all the German citizens saw to persuade them with his opinion. â€Å"Newspapers in Germany, above all Der Sturmer (The Attacker), printed cartoons that used anti-Semitic caricatures to depict Jews,† (â€Å"Holocaust History† OL). All German citizens and soldiers were told such harsh things about the Jews who in reality did nothing wrong. Hitler used everything he could in order to voice his opinion. Once the people started seeing this horrible media, they actually began to believe it. The Jews were tortured for the longest time for someones opinion that people began to believe for no reason. Still today, governments try and control their people’s minds by giving false information. The government’s lies are what get the citizens to believe what they tell the people of their country. Propaganda has been used all around the world for several years. George Orwell used his novel, 1984, as a warning to show the future how propaganda is utilized by the government. The administrations use methods like propaganda in order to keep their control, get their citizens to think in one way, and to make their people believe in the government. In 1984 the Party feeds the people information in the form of propaganda which they want their citizens to believe. They do this in order to stay in control and so that the people have no reason to rebel against them. Just as the Party does in 1984, Hitler tells Germany and people all over the world false information so that they think what he is doing is morally right. He advertises his opinion everywhere and eventually people catch on and start believing it also. President Obama also gave his United States citizens false information so they would think he was doing the correct thing and so his people would not go against him. George Orwell portrayed the use of propaganda in his novel, 1984, very accurately as we can see the propaganda that is still used by governments today.

Integrated Marketing Communication Concepts Analysis

Integrated Marketing Communication Concepts Analysis The purpose of any given organizations in the globalised market place today is to create a connecting link with customer, and communicate their brands in the most feasible ways. Creating customer or to be precise building relationship with customers though is not an easy task. It calls for advancement in marketing medium and communication tactics. Organizational operation and their purpose are to create the value chain and build a relationship with consumer through communications and its forms. In such situation the importance of integrated marketing communication can be traced. The primary aim of this report limits its research on the concepts of Integrated marketing communication. The concepts meaning of integrated marketing communication or that which we can understands by any other word such as corporate communication tool or advertisement is aimed primarily at the public via a variety of interactive tools, such as corporate advertisings, its publicity, public affairs, governance besides the compounding management issues and public relations as well as corporate sponsorship. (Luiz Moutinho, 2004, p. 179) These process combined together play an instrumental in todays organization. In that essence, the structure of this report is limited to identify the issues encompassing IMC, as well as to define the idea as to where the object of IMC takes roots from. In doing so, understanding the meaning of marketing communication is important and relevant from a theoretical point of view, which this essay attempt to trace the implication if any through its discussion encompassing IMC concepts that are very much in practice today. Marketing processes is corporation one focal point. Marketing helps corporations to sells their products and services or experts. We have come across the adage all that glitters, isnt gold as well as the saying there is more to things than just meet the eyes. These phrases have more philosophical meaning behind their originations. And when linked with marketing communication for examples there is an interrelated meaning as well, given that consumers today are more aware than ever before. Before deciding on any particular purchase they undertake a thorough outlook as to where the idea of corporation communication links with them. Add to it, we see reason enough that corporation are tying every possible measures to connect with consumers. The adage consumer is king hold true in a sense that consumer does much of the talking; deciding, etc that goes into the making of their purchasing capacity. The better the communication marketing appeal, the greater is the scope for corporation to bu ilt relationship with consumers in the market. The medium used in marketing is meant to reach consumer and communicate to them in the most feasible way. In every sphere of our life somewhat we have come across advertisements, e-mailer in our inbox that brief about a particular product, and all components of brandishing through billboards, etc. besides, we have also come across the point as corporate sponsorship. Corporate sponsorship to be precise is the frequent case that we see corporate logo in football grounds and amongst players. Somewhat we wonder also as to what is all about CSR concepts adopted by many corporations today? Question and counter question that we often presume also is that why does communication undertake all these at one go? We can understand that there is a marketing concept behind it all, but the question is why? In that assumption we can speculate that all factor encompassing the one as detailed above have a lot to do with the concepts of integrated marketing communication. But how, and what detrimental v alue does it communicate with consumers in the market? Why does it arise so? Does IMC in any instance provide a sense of belonging with consumers? Yes it does. Generally from our understanding it is considered that marketing itself is a fundamental organizational function. The best way that corporation in the current scenario are marketing their product is through the integration of effective marketing channels or tool to connect and build relationship with consumer in the market. Such mechanism and its concepts that have undergone a change of guards and making inroads in corporation marketing are the integrated marketing communication concepts. It is that branch of the overall marketing process that encompasses process such as planning product promotions, its advertising, corporate sponsorships and the likes. Most importantly the question that arises again is that does an IMC concept impact upon the purchasing power of consumers and their mindset? The answer is yes. There is a grea t many values attached to IMC concepts in the marketing realms, especially in today competitive environment, where only the fittest survives and where technology and different forms of media play a significant role. When we emphasize on these points the importance of IMC can be traced. And it should be clarified herein that the primary focus of this work is to address these three main assumptions:- What is Integrated Marketing Communication? What is the reason behind Corporations favoring IMC Concepts at its Best for Promotional Purposes? What Defines IMC and its Appeals as far as Advertisement and Promotional Objectives goes? Does Embracing the Concepts of IMC is difficult for Corporation To come to this conclusion is rather hard. Thus, it could be prudent that each assumption is discussed separately, as detailed below. 1. WHAT IS INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS? We can define integrated marketing communication in the word of Terence A. Shimp, as a communication process that entails the planning, integration, creation, and implementation of diverse forms of mass communication such as, advertising, sales promotions, publicity releases or press releases and events that are delivered overtime to a brands targeted customer and prospects. (Shimp, 2008) The goals thus are to influence the behavioral conditioning of consumer and their perceptions of things. To sum it up, integrated marketing communication takes an extensive formulation of covering every minute detail that bridges the gaps between consumer and producers in the market, where the media comes in handy to make the connecting links and channelize the same in the most feasible ways. (Shimp, 2008, p. 10) It also should be understood that marketing communications concepts arise from communication and its meaning. Communication as we can understand in simple language is that condition that accumulates together the aspects wherein sharing or exchanging of informations between two parties is made possible. Furthermore, it also links together the components of reaching to the means of communication for an end results, let say the mechanism or tools that are used for the same. Above all, communications in any given standards is not one way; assert learned men and scholars such as Paul Russell Smith and Jonathan Taylor. (Paul Russell Smith, 2004, p. 72) Besides, understanding the concepts of communication also directly register with us and a layman understanding of the same. The overall aspect of marketing communication also is one subset of the subject matter that concerns itself with the concepts of marketing. Marketing communication is a set of purposive activities, linked and coordinated to some degree. (Jain, 2008, p. 1) From this notion and when we come to the conceptualization of the idea behind marketing communication we can readily identify also the substance or the significance attached to it, which we assume organizations are banking heavily as a factor for sustenance and growth, given that marketing processes and its activities in many forms and parts asserts scholars relies heavily on communication formats; wherein such marketing process and procedures is to directly informs potential customer of a product offering or factor such as in creating a brand image in the marketplace and any other process such as customer feed backs in improving processes or products that marketers initiates. In that components accumulated and buildup together thus, marketing research also comes in handy and is effective, (Guy Masterman, 2006, p. 4) and is often looked also as a typical tools for promotional and advertising activities and to connect with consumers. Moreover, what has been the very discussed and augmented point on the subject matter and the very essence of marketing communication also often raises the question as to how marketers communicate with their target markets? Simply put in what marketers actually do in essence is the fact that everything they do is communicates, (Ludi Koekemoer, 2004, p. 1) through proper channels, and by using relevant marketing tools to their advantages for communications. Such a communication process take stage or come to fore because it helps corporation in many ways to bridge the gap of communication with the market or consumers as the case is, and thus good communication is based on an orientation around a dominant, rational big brand idea as corporations calls it, which acts as a tool or platform for creating, involving and sustaining customer engagement. (Micael Dahlà ©n, 2009, p. 2) Comprehending together these notion overall as can be laid emphasis upon we feel that every dynamic organization s today and in the current schemes of things takes an interested approach towards reaching the means to an end for their offering, be it products or services, and marketing communication is thus the most visible of marketing functions (Copley, 2004, p. 1) for reaching such an ends to the result oriented targeted activities, which is also the very salient object of marketing concepts itself and that which we will further evaluate and comprehend the very idea that erupts and that which we can lay out hands on the arguments that arises with integrated marketing communications and its meaning overall as discussed below. 2. WHAT IS THE REASON BEHIND CORPORATIONS FAVORING IMC CONCEPTS AT ITS BEST FOR PROMOTIONAL PURPOSES? There can be many reasons for this. As we can understand, the conceptual evaluation of the meaning integrated marketing communication has a lot to do with marketing concepts as one bigger picture of it all. Often we begin to argue in that direction considering a typical organization where advertising is controlled by the marketing department, where as selling is the responsibility of the sales department and the websites is controlled and maintained by IT services. (Graeme Drummond, 2005, p. 149) This is really what composed the conditionality of todays modern organizations. Often we wonder wont such a process interfere with the overall concepts of marketing? And how does things can be assured that consumer get or receives the right and correct message from the company concerned when marketing are integrated in departmental wise? To put emphasis on this notion and this views that arises in that regard, the answer we feel lays in the objective of integrated marketing communication. Integrated marketing communications in all aspects attempts to use together the various communication message or tool used by the organization into one meaningful coherent message. (Graeme Drummond, 2005, p. 149) Add to it, Marketing in the current scheme of things also is in a state of transformation. (Copley, 2004, p. 4) As we are aware, a new era is unfolding in the fields of advertising, promotions, and marketing communications. (Clow, 2007, p. 43) This is true, considering that the presence of media and its advancement have given abundant option available for marketers to bank and capitalize from. In that context, this is also where the very essence and substance of marketing communication comes into play in the overall picture that composed marketing and its principles. 3. WHAT DEFINES IMC AND ITS APPEALS AS FAR AS ADVERTISEMENT AND PROMOTIONAL OBJECTIVES GOES? When we come to this part of the discussion, often the very first question that we encounter with is the importance attached to integrated marketing communication. Does the substantial element attached to integrated marketing communication assist managers and marketers in the promotional processes and its integration? The answer to this point as we can comprehend and build up our arguments and reasoning logically is, yes. As we have already defined the basis of integrated marketing management, we see reason enough that it components is linked to many befitting ends results as a means to an end that marketers emphasize upon. To justify this view firstly, we should try and attempt to understand the role that integrated marketing communications plays in todays organizations and their marketing prospects. The very essence and meaningful conceptualization of the word advertising and its role in integrated marketing communication is looked upon from the broader element attached to it. Take for examples factor attached to advertising within the integrated marketing communication campaigns and its activities must have a consistent look and feel, even though brand advertising to consumers will generally be different from retails advertising from consumers. Yet all such campaigns have their own objectives and purpose. (Percy, 2008, p. 83) This is all about what we can sum up as the very basis and objectives of strategic integrated marketing communications. Scholars such as Peter Drucker said that any business has two basic requirements, one is marketing, and the other is innovations. (Varey, 2002, p. 1) This is true and applicable in today organizations environment as well. But what is innovation in that sense of the term? We feel that IMC concepts have much to be viewed in that point as well. Add to it, consumer in today environment also are more interactive and swift, given that they accepts a wide variety of information from media in many forms and formats. Marketers in that situation have a fair control over what customer and prospects hear or learn about their products. (Don E. Schultz, 1993, p. 43) Thus, on the basis of these points we can emphasize also as to where to trace the significance of integrated marketing communication. The greater instance of the subject matter argument is that even in the current scheme of things advertising agencies are still searching for the best way to incorporate the concepts and practice of integrated marketing communication. (Tom Duncan, 1996, p. 13) To top it all, the nature and scope of advertising in context of integrated marketing communication is simply a means or a marketing tools that helps sells brands of products and help top build confidence in companies and institutions by conveying accurate and compelling informations to customers about the brand, or anything in that regard. (Ludi Koekemoer, 2004, p. 65) 4. DOES EMBRACING THE CONCEPTS OF IMC IS DIFFICULT FOR CORPORATION When debating to this point, the answer is yes and no, given that it depends greatly how the concepts is emulated for practical purpose. On the other hand, corporations with a scope to make a switch towards integrated marketing communication are posed with many barriers. It can be in the form of technological barriers, or cost factor and the likes. This point notwithstanding, it would prudent also that a scholastic point be observed as well to the difficulty as such if any. What scholars have withhold in favor of integrated marketing communication can again be emphasized to the notion wherein it is held that integrated marketing communication plays a vital role in every aspects of marketing process. However, developing and implementing an integrated marketing communication programs is usually a detailed and complex process, which involves many persons as well as extensive efforts. (George E Belch, 2003, p. 69) Thus, such factor when encounter often comes and acts as a barrier when corporations for example are trying to embrace the features of integrated marketing communication. Fair enough, not only the cost factor also comes into play in such a strategic integration, but also the complexities of the process itself, which very often when not strategized systematically can be a dampener of sorts. This is what we can augment are some of the difficulty in embracing the overall features of integrated marketing communication in a standardized and symmetrical manner. METHODOLOGY The methodology adopted in this report is primarily secondary in nature. There have been no specific methods or process evaluation undergone. As a discourse in theoretical terms, the best available secondary resources were dependent upon to emphasize the views and counter view of this paper assumptions and its argument. On a greater note, view in favor of IMC concepts and is adoption is the concentrated focus to align into the assumption and its discourse overall. Thus, most of the resource used use for this research is secondary in nature, where IMC concepts and its literature have been the main source in feeding this project and regimenting the assumptions. DISCUSSIONS From our study and its analysis on the concepts of integrated marketing communication we can understand that the significance of the concepts cannot be brushed aside. It would be wrong to do away with IMC and its practical practices. The fact is that IMC assist corporations survival in many ways, and Helps Corporation building a good rapport with consumers in the market, through advertisements, billboards, corporate sponsorships, public relations and the likes of e-mailer. Effective communications are the building block between a manufacturer and consumers. Often the term consumer is king also very much also come into play in such a scenario. Corporations understand such scenarios, and are doing their best to format their communication and advertising process by initiating the practicality of IMC concepts. Thus, the principle of marketing though make its claims, however, without any pictorial and effective communication marketing often lose its sheen and sheer factor to appeal the general consumer in the market. The presence of many competitors and identical product also greatly impact consumer perception and their purchasing power, we can speculate. Lapses in communication even hurt the relationship and its bounding. The concepts behind IMC and its integration is to bring into force the factor of communication in marketing mediums, so that firms communicates in its variety of forms with consumers, thus bridging the gap in communication as is the case with traditional marketings. Moreover, it also to bring into force the streamlined process, where marketing communication is fostered and facilitated in the most feasible ways and reaches its targeted destinations, and impact upon consumer perception and their connection with any given message that appeals their psychological nature of co nsumers. The better the marketing procedures and its communication, the better is the prospects of the organizational outcome. Besides, sustenance and growth of a corporation also is hugely influenced through the marketing processes that organizations undertake and it can be in many other forms or processes, although central to marketing objectives. CONCLUSION There is great much scope for research in this topic. Given the absence of primary methodology being employed, future research through the use of primary research tools, such as questionnaire, interview and the likes, as it can provide a great significant to the assumptions from an objectively view point. Lack of relevant material though have been the factor of this research and its weakness, yet the fragmented segmentation of the concepts meaning and its discourse have been arranged to get a glimpse of the theoretical point of the subject matter and its assimilation. Taking the overall discussion and when we reflect back to the subject matter we can conclude that IMC concepts are significant to corporation in great many ways. Adopting the IMC concepts and emphasizing on its practicality can be the best ever things that corporation can initiates as a tool for mass appeal, and to get their brandishing and all factors of advertisements in their favor as well as providing consumers in the market a sense of relief to make difficult choices from available products. Thus, building on these points and our understanding of the argument in details abovementioned, we can finally conclude that marketing have many dimensional foregrounds, yet without effective communication much of it is lost in translation. Hence, integration of marketing process with streamlined communication process can be the best ever thing that can mark the transformational change in the favor of marketers. Marketing strategy very often exploit the use of marketing tools, given that there are reasonable point to such integration. Yet, it should not be forgotten that the philosophical and strategic overtones for corporations growth and its sustenance also all depends and ride in direct links with marketing, wherein integrated marketing communication processes is one vital part of marketing principle that bridge the gap to connect with the general consumers in the market.

Intern Experience Reflection Essay -- Reflection Paper, criminal justi

As I continue exploring the aspects of Family Inc., I find myself becoming more amazed at the tragedies that occur in the lives of juveniles. Society is always pointing the finger at the children, blaming them and punishing their negative actions. With a deeper look at the family system behind these children, I have found an empathy for the delinquent children. The organization is not only for delinquent children, but it is thought that children with incarcerated parents have a higher risk of going into the prison system. Especially since these children most likely get placed with grandparents, they could become more rebellious and hard to handle. Since learning the mentor database system, I have seen a bit more of the actual family aspect of the mentees. I have been updated and informed of children, the stories of their parents, and how they got where they are now. The circumstances that I have heard about are things that I could not even imagine going through myself. Growing up in Philadelphia and even having close friends with troubled homes has not prepared me for the issues I hear. It is no wonder these children lose their self-control. I guess this just shows the cycle of the criminal justice system. The streets create criminals, whether it be through poverty or simple environmental stressors. The criminals have children, like everyone else. Their children are subject to the living situations that come with losing a parent to the system, which in turn pushes them to the streets. They follow the same path their parents walked down. I see Family Inc. as an institution that creates a fork in the road, giving the child the options to go the right way and steer clear of crime. The mentor is a guide to show the light to the r... ...me to college. I finally get to see what I learned in the class come alive in the professional world. I now yearn to learn more about my career choice from the classroom, so I can continue to make use of it in the real world. I have even decided that I might change around a couple of my classes to figure out what juvenile classes are offer the coming semester. Overall, I am enjoying the experience. I am taking each day as it comes, learning as I go. I think that working with Family, Inc. is a good interning experience. I find it to be a good mix of my life goals and personal interest. I am currently a mentor, orientation leader, and university ambassador at school and I have always been one to be there to help new people adapt. I guess this has always been in my mind because, now that I think of it, even in my lower level jobs, I trained new employees.

Prozac :: essays research papers

Prozac Classification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fluoxetine is a legal prescribed medication (Fluoxetine, 2000). The brand name of this drug is Prozac (Fluoxetine, 2000). Fluoxetine belongs in a category of drugs called selective serotonin prescription (PDR, 2000). This is a synthetic drug (Fluoxetine, 2000).reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (PDR, 2000). Prozac is not a controlled substance but needs a Usage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prozac is used as an antidepressant, antiobsessional and antibulimic medication (Fluoxetine, 2000). Prozac is presumed to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin (Fluoxetine, 2000). In patients with depression it relieves symptoms of the illness (Fluoxetine, 2000). For those with bulimia nervosa Prozac was shown to decrease binge eating and purging when compared to a placebo (Fluoxetine, 2000). In obsessive-compulsive disorder it significantly reduces the symptoms (Fluoxetine, 2000). Usage: Epidemiology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The use of Prozac is so wide spread that since its release over ten years ago thirty-five million have been prescribed world wide in over one hundred different countries (PDR, 2000). Over seventeen million patients have been prescribed Prozac in the United States alone (PDR, 2000). Prozac is the worlds most prescribed antidepressant (PDR, 2000). Warnings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allergic reactions have been noted in some patients; these include: rash, fever, edema, and carpal tunnel syndrome (Fluoxetine, 2000). If these reactions persist and no other cause can be found treatment with Prozac should be discontinued (Fluoxetine, 2000). Precautions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the clinical trials anxiety and nervousness were reported by ten to fifteen percent of patients (Fluoxetine, 2000). Persons already underweight and depressed showed significant weight loss when on Prozac (Fluoxetine, 2000). Prozac should be used with caution in patients with convulsive disorders (Flouxinte, 2000). The possibility of suicide is greater in those patients who are depressed; therefore Prozac should be administer with supervision to these patients (Fluoxetine, 2000). This medication should be only given to patients with anorexia nervosa if the benefits outweigh the risks (Fluoxetine, 2000). Prozac became the worlds most prescribed antidepressant herald of its â€Å"transformative powers† (Cash, Brown, 2000). Among side effects are appetite reduction and weight loss (Cash, Brown, 2000). In a study of college age women the knowledge of prozacs weight loss properties increased the likelihood of a woman deciding to try the drug (Cash, Brown, 2000). The women said they would choose Prozac regardless of the side effects if one of the main effects was weight loss (Cash, Brown, 2000). Women’s perceived notions about being thin outweighed their concerns about the possible negative side effects of Prozac (Cash, Brown, 2000). Patients with diabetes may have altered glycemic rates while on this medication (Fluoxetine, 2000). I have found conflicting reports on the use of Prozac and the pregnant woman. I will give them both consideration in this report. Prozac :: essays research papers Prozac Classification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fluoxetine is a legal prescribed medication (Fluoxetine, 2000). The brand name of this drug is Prozac (Fluoxetine, 2000). Fluoxetine belongs in a category of drugs called selective serotonin prescription (PDR, 2000). This is a synthetic drug (Fluoxetine, 2000).reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (PDR, 2000). Prozac is not a controlled substance but needs a Usage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prozac is used as an antidepressant, antiobsessional and antibulimic medication (Fluoxetine, 2000). Prozac is presumed to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin (Fluoxetine, 2000). In patients with depression it relieves symptoms of the illness (Fluoxetine, 2000). For those with bulimia nervosa Prozac was shown to decrease binge eating and purging when compared to a placebo (Fluoxetine, 2000). In obsessive-compulsive disorder it significantly reduces the symptoms (Fluoxetine, 2000). Usage: Epidemiology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The use of Prozac is so wide spread that since its release over ten years ago thirty-five million have been prescribed world wide in over one hundred different countries (PDR, 2000). Over seventeen million patients have been prescribed Prozac in the United States alone (PDR, 2000). Prozac is the worlds most prescribed antidepressant (PDR, 2000). Warnings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allergic reactions have been noted in some patients; these include: rash, fever, edema, and carpal tunnel syndrome (Fluoxetine, 2000). If these reactions persist and no other cause can be found treatment with Prozac should be discontinued (Fluoxetine, 2000). Precautions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the clinical trials anxiety and nervousness were reported by ten to fifteen percent of patients (Fluoxetine, 2000). Persons already underweight and depressed showed significant weight loss when on Prozac (Fluoxetine, 2000). Prozac should be used with caution in patients with convulsive disorders (Flouxinte, 2000). The possibility of suicide is greater in those patients who are depressed; therefore Prozac should be administer with supervision to these patients (Fluoxetine, 2000). This medication should be only given to patients with anorexia nervosa if the benefits outweigh the risks (Fluoxetine, 2000). Prozac became the worlds most prescribed antidepressant herald of its â€Å"transformative powers† (Cash, Brown, 2000). Among side effects are appetite reduction and weight loss (Cash, Brown, 2000). In a study of college age women the knowledge of prozacs weight loss properties increased the likelihood of a woman deciding to try the drug (Cash, Brown, 2000). The women said they would choose Prozac regardless of the side effects if one of the main effects was weight loss (Cash, Brown, 2000). Women’s perceived notions about being thin outweighed their concerns about the possible negative side effects of Prozac (Cash, Brown, 2000). Patients with diabetes may have altered glycemic rates while on this medication (Fluoxetine, 2000). I have found conflicting reports on the use of Prozac and the pregnant woman. I will give them both consideration in this report.

The Watergate Scandal :: President Richard Nixon

The Watergate scandal had everything. Nixon disgraced the presidency by lying to the country and abusing his power and his committees were involved in illegal acts and a big cover up, all leading to little side roads of corruption and lies. Watergate is by far one of the worst presidential scandals in the history of the United States. In the story of Watergate, five burglars were found breaking into democratic offices at the Watergate complex in Washington DC. The break-in was passed off as just another burglary, but when the burglars were found to have connections with the CIA, questions were starting to be asked. Then when the phone number of Howard Hunt was found in one of the burglar’s phone books, it made people think, why would one of the burglars have the phone number of one of the presidents men? When Watergate was uncovered, it revealed that the president was a liar and a cheat. The president lied to our country, lied about his involvement, concealed self incriminati ng evidence, abused his power, and planed to have the CIA stop the FBI investigations. During the times of the unraveling of Watergate, questions were asked about connections with the White House and the president, but when the president was asked about it at a press conference he assured Americans that The White House has no involvement whatever in this particular incident. The lying and cover-ups did not end there, it went on and on for months, and as the scandal kept unraveling, President Nixon and White House, and CREEP officials were deliberately misleading the public about the significance of the Watergate affair. As Watergate was becoming a front-page article in the newspapers, new evidence was being uncovered. One piece of evidence that changed the peoples’ ideas of our president was the tapping of every conversation in the oval office since about the 18th month of President Nixon's term. Those tapes would soon prove that the president was deeply involved in the scandal. The Nixon tapes brought out much controversy. The tapes alone could prove the president innocent or guilty, but whichever one it was, Nixon refused to hand over the tapes. After much struggle Nixon agreed to give a transcript of the tapes. The transcripts brought to light a significant amount of evidence against Nixon. The transcripts revealed payoffs, affiliation with the burglaries and the OK's to the cover-up, but most important the transcripts showed that Nixon had lied repeatedly after he had denied knowing anything about the conspiracy.

Abnormal Psychology Maladaptive Behavior Essay

Briefly describe each of the major theoretical perspectives in maladaptive behavior. Which of the perspectives do you believe is the ‘right’ perspective, or is there a ‘right’ perspective? Biological Perspective: Suggests that all disorders physical or behavioral have biological causes. Causes may lie in heredity, genetic accident, or bodily infection, or trauma(Sarason, 2005) Psychodynamic Perspective: Point of view that emphasizes thoughts and emotions as the most important determiners of behavior. Basic ideas come from the work of Sigmund Freud(Sarason, 2005). Behavioral Perspective: A theory of behavior based on the idea that much of a person’s behavior is learned rather than genetically based. According to this view, behavior is based on past experiences with the environment(Sarason, 2005). Cognitive Perspective: Point of view that considers behavior to be the result of information processing and problem solving. Emphasis is on mental processes of which the individual is aware or can easily become aware(Sarason, 2005). Humanistic-existential Perspective: The idea that all individuals are unique and should be free to make their own choices about life directions. Emphasizes the creative freedom and potential of the individual(Sarason, 2005). Community Cultural Perspective: Viewpoint that much maladaptive behavior results from poor living conditions, discrimination, and so on. Emphasis is on preventive activities(Sarason, 2005). I personally believe each perspective is important, I do not think one could be better than the other, because the human body in all its parts is so complex, whether it be your culture, genetics, your uniqueness, learned behavior etc†¦ I just believe it can be a combination of perspectives depending on the individual at hand.

Middlebrook leisure and Retail Park coursework.

For my first aim I had to collect results to prove that the Middlebrook is located on the outskirts of a main town or city. I found out that the main town the Middlebrook is located to is Bolton. From my map I obtained off the Internet I measured the distance between the Middlebrook and Bolton by using the scale. I found that it was approximately four miles east of Bolton center, proving that it is located on the outskirts of a main town or city. Using my results I have proved that the Middlebrook fits the description of a typical ‘out of town' shopping center. For my second aim I had to prove that the Middlebrook is split into two main areas of leisure and retail. For this I produced a colour coded land use map to see if there was an obvious split. The map shows that to the left of the Middlebrook there is a domination of Household goods shops and a couple of clothes shops showing that this area is the retail area. When I visited the Middlebrook I saw that the household goods shops were mostly furniture shops such as CSL and D.F.S. There were also DIY shops and bed shops. To the right of the map the leisure isn't so dominant. It obviously shows that it is the retail area but there are some clothes shops and sport shops too. The leisure consists of a bowling alley, cinema, arcade and resteraunts and bars etc. The sports shops which are also located here are JJB, JD and Sports Soccer. There are also Fast Food outlets such as MacDonalds, Burger King and KFC. These are dotted around the car parks and I have put them under leisure. To work out the percentage ratio of Leisure and Reatil I found the amount of stores each had and divided them by the total and multiplied them by one hundred. The percentage of retail stores is 78% and leisure 22%. SO this shows that there is a ratio of 1:3.5, one leisure store to every three and a half retail stores. Most importantly I proved that the Middlebrook is split into two areas of leisure and retail. While at the Middlebrook I took pictures of the parking areas (see photographs) to see if it had aspects of safety. As from my photos I could see that safety was respected very well. Pedestrian paths were sign posted, as well as colour coded, very well. Steel bollards were in place around the parking area and there were also pedestrian crossings. The overall parking area was very large. For my third and final aim, ‘does the Middlebrook have a large sphere of influence', I obtained answers for my questionnaire, obtained a map of the internet to show my results and also create graphs to also show my results. The Middlebrook is located right next to the M61 motorway at junction 6. This massively increases the sphere of influence because it allows people from far away to get to the middlebrook more quicker with ease. The middlebrook also has a Railway Station platform which further increases the sphere of influence. One link is between Chorley, which is about 7 miles from the Middlebrook. There is also a bus stop onsite at the park which is a popular form of public transport. Another aspect which could increase the sphere of influence is the Bolton Wanderers football stadium. This could just be an attraction where people come and view the stadium, but more importantly it pulls in thousands of people from different cities on match days who might be tempted to shop at the Middlebrook before or after a match. To complete my other maps I obtained of the internet I used my questionnaire I took to the Middlebrook with me. My first question was * What town do you live in? From my results of this question I was able to produce a graph and a map. For my graph I created a cylinder bar chart to show the number of people from a town. The towns which were on the bottom axis were in the order of distance from the Middlebrook. So the closest was first and farthest away last. This gave me some idea of where most people came from who visited the Middlebrook. From the same map I got off the internet I was able to show the towns where most people come from who visit the Middlebrook. To do this I used a circles, where every 1/2 centimetre radius was one person, to show the amount of people. I coloured each circle different so it wasn't to complicated. On the same map I was also able to show from the results of my first question the sphere of influence on the middlebrook. To do this I marked off each town that was given to me using pencil. The towns which were close to the Middlebrook I connected up to show the Core sphere of influence and the towns which were further away I connected up to show the outer sphere of influence. I filled each of these areas with different colours and added a key to the side. All the results I obtained off this question proved that the Middlebrook did have a large sphere of influence. Close towns were those such as Bolton, Wigan, Hindley and Chorley. These were all about the same distance away, which is 4 miles. My second question was * What transport did you use to here? a) Car b) Bus c) Train d) Other For this question I produced a pie chart of the different modes of transport used. The pie chart shows that nearly everyone uses a car to get to the middlebrook. 27 people traveled by car, 1 by bus, 1 by train and 1 by an ‘other' form of transport. This result shows me that the sphere of influence is large for the Middlebrook because most people use cars. People are more likely to use cars if they live far away because bus routes often don't exist over long distances and walking is just two far. Also the car is more quicker and more convenient. My third question was * How often do you visit the Middlebrook? a) Daily b) Every few days c) Weekly d) Less often e) First time I also produced a bar chart for this question. I labeled the axis from daily-less often. My graph shows a negative correlation which means that people visit less often rather than regularly. I think these results are correct for an ‘out of town' shopping center because it is a place that isn't visited regularly by shoppers like a place such as a small towns prestinct. This is because there are no housing sites around the Middlebrook as there is in a town which most people visit daily. People that might visit the Middlebrook regularly would be employees of shops. My fourth question was * What is the purpose of your visit here? a) Business b) Retail c) Leisure For this question I produced another pie chart. I thought I could also relate this question to my second aim, ‘Is the park split into two sections of retail and leisure', because the ratio of leisure to retail was 1:3.5. So I investigated the ratio of the purpose of visiting the Middlebrook between the leisure and retail. From the results I obtained four people visited in purpose of leisure and 16 visited in purpose of retail. I found the ratio of this was 1:4, which is very similar to my first ratio in my second aim. This means that for every four retail visitor, there was just one leisure visitor. The amount of people who visited in purpose of business was 10. My last question was * Do you use any other retail and leisure parks? For this question I produced another chart of different parks visited. Most people replied â€Å"no† and the most popular park was the Trafford center which is a shopping center in Manchester. This was probably because the Trafford centre is a lot more popular and has more publicity. Also it has a much larger range of stores which are more popular than some of those at the Middlebrook. From all my results I found that the Middlebrook leisure and retail park does have a large sphere of influence.

Chromosome 6 Summary

Summary of Chromosome 6 by author Robin Cook: Chromosome 6 begins with the murder of an infamous Mafia figure, Carlo Franconi. His Mafia competitors are the number one suspects for the shooting, and these suspicions rise when Franconi’s body disappears from the morgue before the autopsy is carried out. Medical examiner Jack is confused and interested by the case, along with his partner Dr. Montgomery. However, their attention is sidetracked by the arrival of a mutilated, unidentifiable body that has been found in the river.The two doctors are disturbed by the appearance of the body, because it has been completely mutilated. When they discover that the body is also missing its liver, they go on a quest to find the reason why, which takes them into the dangerous jungles of Equatorial Guinea. Here the two men discover the scary possibilities of medicine and science and the unethical experiments being carried out on humans and animals. In Chromosome 6, there are two stories being told. The first story takes place mostly in New York, where the medical examiners are faced with the task of doing an autopsy on Carlo Franconi.Alongside that story, we are introduced to Kevin Marshal, a 34-year-old geek who works for GenSys, a biotech company. Kevin lives in Equatorial Guinea, where he’s doing research using Bonobos, a type of primate. Equatorial Guinea is where the second story takes place, where Kevin must solve a mystery of his own. Along the way he is helped by Melanie Becket and Candace Brickman. Then, Jack and Kevin's stories merge into one complicated, unified plot. Although Jack is the main character in this story, Kevin is by far the most memorable. Both the group in New York and the one in Africa risk their lives to learn their respective truths.

Bias: Stereotype and People

Living in the world, we face different kinds of people every day, which means we need to communicate with others and make decisions upon others. Naturally, the attitude and method in dealing with diversity becomes a basic skill for people. It is important to know how to communicate and make decisions in a proper way.Facing diverse people and objects, people usually classify them. The advantage people gain from classification is organizing and making things easier to understand. However, when it comes to communication and decision-making, classification may cause some problems. As the name indicates, the topic of the book goes around stereotype, and it provides the readers a better understanding of stereotypes: what the stereotypes are; how stereotypes impact people and business; and what to do when stereotypes happen. It also provides a lot of useful information and skills about how to communicate with people respectfully to gain profit for our business and us.After this book, I real ized that classification becomes stereotype occasionally, and stereotype is a crucial part that makes us failed from communicating and making decisions successfully. Either as a normal person or a businessman, we need to be cautions not to let stereotypes become the reason of making us failing. In a diverse society, the advantage is that we can always get new and different information from those we have already had, but the challenge is how to treat people around us who are different from us equally.People bias naturally, and we all tend to let some of the stereotype come into our communication (Aguilar, 2006). In my opinion, stereotype is the kind of definition that depends on the trend that most people think instead of the truth. It makes all people who have the same characteristic into one group without really knowing about their individualities. Sometimes we stereotype people unknowingly by not taking what we say as stereotypes, and sometimes we think the stereotypes we say are good ones. For example, it is often heard that â€Å" Young people today do not work as hard as the older generation.† And â€Å" European girls are always more beautiful than the girls in other area.† However, any kind of stereotype may turn out to hurt people whether by intention or not.There is research shows that there are increasing chance that negative stereotype could activate the people who are stereotyped to become members of the  stereotyped group (Campbell & Mohr, 2011). After reading the book, I understood that the stereotypes, which people use to help them understand or sort something they do not really know about, may turn our to lead them to the wrong places. In business, the main inefficiency of stereotype is in management, which is always considered to be a barrier that prevents people from making the right decisions. There is research shows that when the perceived positive stereotypes are brought into the forefront of people, the stereotypes can aff ect people by making them do worse on something that they can do better (Killermann).In fact, there are some people we do not know very well that are always stereotyped by us. We tend to judge them by their â€Å"groups†, which seems easier for us to classify them without taking much time to understand who they really are. Especially when facing people with different skin tones, religions and nations, it seems that we will easily get into stereotypes. For example, I used to think and say that African American people are good at sports and Asian people are good in math. When meeting an African American or Asian person, I judge them automatically by the stereotype which was already formed in my mind without knowing much of them.Actually, the African American can be good at math, and the Asian can be really good at sports. In the â€Å"Managing Diversity† lecture, I learned in Foundation of Business, which indicates that everyone is unique and not just a representing a de mographic group. If the same stereotype I just mentioned happens in a company, sometimes it causes problems, because there will be a great possibility that managers will misjudge a person and put them in wrong working places and positions. â€Å"People use stereotypes to make decisions about coworkers, managers and customers with little or no information about the person. A stereotyped person is not seen for who she is and what she can contribute to the business.† (Chinn)The people who are stereotyped will be discouraged because their abilities and talents are covered as well. Both the person who holds the stereotype and the person who is stereotyped will be affected. If you see a group of people the same way, you will miss the individuality of them. It is important to communicate against stereotypes that have a great influence on business. Also, it is necessary to know what to do if things have already gone wrong. There is another important thing in this book—how to m ake up the loss caused by stereotype. The first important thing we need to know is what to do when we realize the mistakes is already  made.Before reading this book, sometimes I could not confront the mistake I made because I felt guilty and shy to make it up. Sometimes I just ignored it, and sometimes I switched to another topic if I found myself saying things wrong. However, I realized that it could only make the situation worse by running away from the mistakes after reading the book. It is the same in business. At first, we should admit the mistake as soon as we realize it, and then find a way to make it up.If we ignore the mistake, both the reputation of the company and customer satisfaction will be influenced. By admitting mistakes in time and finding ways to make up, we sometimes get better result than we think. I had a personal experience of being stereotyped. When I was trying to find a foundation in a cosmetics shop, the shop assistant kept recommending me a color that w as much whiter than my skin color, and it was until I showed my dissatisfaction did the shop assistant apologize to me. She explained that she thought most Asian women like foundations that are whiter than their original skin color, and that was the reason she put on a lot of foundation on my face that I did not like. Then she chose a color in terms of my true skin color instead of what she thought Asian women would like.Actually, I was satisfied with the one she picked for me at last. Even though I was stereotyped, by using a sincere apology, letting me know the reason of her mistake and making the right choice eventually, the shop assistant fixed the problem she made successfully. In this case, if the shop assistant did not admit the stereotype mistake she made, I probably would leave the cosmetic shop and never go back again. Inversely, I think the most important thing she did was to admit she stereotyped me with a sincere attitude. In this way, she gained my understanding and fo rgiveness. It is the same in many stereotype cases as the book Ouch, The Stereotype Hurts mentions.An insincere apology or shifting the blame to your speaker gains nothing for your mistake (Aguilar, 2006). The best way to limit the damage made by stereotype is to admit what you have said and tell people your real thoughts.In order to study and understand better in business, it is necessary to know not only the fixed knowledge that will be taught in class. The skill of communication, which is extremely important for business people, is also a necessity but relatively more difficult to learn, because it requires much experience to comprehend. The book Ouch! That Stereotype Hurts offers a useful guide of some business skills and experience that may not be found in textbooks. From this book, I understood that stereotype does not only have a great impact on our daily communication, the more important negative influence it has is on business. As a student who studies in business major, th is book helped a lot on my major.